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1.
Gut Microbes ; 15(2): 2281360, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38017662

RESUMO

The gut microbiome is involved in the bi-directional relationship of the gut - brain axis. As most studies of this relationship are small and do not account for use of psychotropic drugs (PTDs), we explored the relations of the gut microbiome with several internalizing disorders, while adjusting for PTDs and other relevant medications, in 7,656 Lifelines participants from the Northern Netherlands (5,522 controls and 491 participants with at least one internalizing disorder). Disorders included dysthymia, major depressive disorder (MDD), any depressive disorder (AnyDep: dysthymia or MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and any anxiety disorder (AnyAnx: GAD, social phobia and panic disorder). Compared to controls, 17 species were associated with depressive disorders and 3 were associated with anxiety disorders. Around 90% of these associations remained significant (FDR <0.05) after adjustment for PTD use, suggesting that the disorders, not PTD use, drove these associations. Negative associations were observed for the butyrate-producing bacteria Ruminococcus bromii in participants with AnyDep and for Bifidobacterium bifidum in AnyAnx participants, along with many others. Tryptophan and glutamate synthesis modules and the 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid synthesis module (related to dopamine metabolism) were negatively associated with MDD and/or dysthymia. After additional adjustment for functional gastrointestinal disorders and irritable bowel syndrome, these relations remained either statistically (FDR <0.05) or nominally (P < 0.05) significant. Overall, multiple bacterial species and functional modules were associated with internalizing disorders, including gut - brain relevant components, while associations to PTD use were moderate. These findings suggest that internalizing disorders rather than PTDs are associated with gut microbiome differences relative to controls.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão , Transtornos de Ansiedade , Ansiedade , Psicotrópicos
2.
Nature ; 604(7907): 732-739, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35418674

RESUMO

The gut microbiome is associated with diverse diseases1-3, but a universal signature of a healthy or unhealthy microbiome has not been identified, and there is a need to understand how genetics, exposome, lifestyle and diet shape the microbiome in health and disease. Here we profiled bacterial composition, function, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in the gut microbiomes of 8,208 Dutch individuals from a three-generational cohort comprising 2,756 families. We correlated these to 241 host and environmental factors, including physical and mental health, use of medication, diet, socioeconomic factors and childhood and current exposome. We identify that the microbiome is shaped primarily by the environment and cohabitation. Only around 6.6% of taxa are heritable, whereas the variance of around 48.6% of taxa is significantly explained by cohabitation. By identifying 2,856 associations between the microbiome and health, we find that seemingly unrelated diseases share a common microbiome signature that is independent of comorbidities. Furthermore, we identify 7,519 associations between microbiome features and diet, socioeconomics and early life and current exposome, with numerous early-life and current factors being significantly associated with microbiome function and composition. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of gut microbiome and the underlying impact of heritability and exposures that will facilitate future development of microbiome-targeted therapies.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Bactérias/genética , Dieta , Meio Ambiente , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Países Baixos , Fatores Socioeconômicos
3.
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; 32(4): 270-281, 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-208239

RESUMO

Background: Nut allergy is a growing problem, yet little is known about its onset in children. Objective: To characterize the onset of nut allergy in children in southern Europe. Methods: The study population comprised consecutive patients up to 14 years of age who visited allergy departments with an initial allergic reaction to peanut, tree nut, or seed. The allergy work-up included a clinical history, food challenge, skin prick testing, determination of whole-extract sIgE, and ImmunoCAP ISAC-112 assay. Results: Of the 271 children included, 260 were first diagnosed with nut allergy at a mean age of 6.5 years and at a mean (SD) of 11.8 (21.2) months after the index reaction. The most common culprit nuts at onset were walnut (36.5%), peanut (28.5%), cashew (10.4%), hazelnut (8.5%), pistachio (5.4%), and almond (5%). Onset of peanut allergy was more frequent in children ≤6 years and walnut in those aged >6 years (P=.032). In 65% of cases, the allergic reaction occurred the first time the patient consumed the nut, and 35% of reactions were anaphylactic. Overall, polysensitization to nuts was detected by skin prick testing in 64.9% of patients, although this rate was lower among walnut-allergic children (54.7%) and peanut-allergic children (54.1%) (P<.0001). Sensitization to 2S albumins was predominant (75%), especially Jug r 1 (52.8%), whereas sensitization to lipid transfer proteins was less relevant (37%). Conclusion: In the population we assessed, the onset of nut allergy occurred around 6 years of age, slightly later than that reported in English-speaking countries. Walnut was the main trigger, followed by peanut. 2S albumin storage proteins, especially Jug r 1, were the most relevant allergens. This study will help guide management and may contribute to preventive strategies in pediatric nut allergy (AU)


Antecedentes: La alergia a frutos secos es un problema creciente. Sin embargo, existe poca información relativa al inicio de su establecimiento en la población infantil. Objetivos: Describir el debut de alergia a frutos secos en niños del sur de Europa. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes de hasta 14 años que acudieron de forma consecutiva a la consulta de alergia debido a una reacción inicial con cacahuete, frutos secos o semillas. El estudio alergológico incluyó realización de historia clínica, provocación oral, prueba intraepidérmica (SPT), determinación de IgE específica para extracto completo y mediante ImmunoCAP ISAC-112. Resultados: De los 271 niños incluidos, 260 se diagnosticaron de alergia a frutos secos por primera vez a los 6,5 años de media, habiendo tenido la reacción índice 11,8 (±21,2SD) meses antes. Los frutos secos responsables en el debut fueron nuez (36,5%), cacahuete (28,5%), anacardo (10,4%), avellana (8,5%), pistacho (5,4%) y almendra (5%). La instauración de la alergia a cacahuete fue más frecuente en niños ≤6 años y para nuez en >6 años (p=0,032). En el 65% de los casos, la reacción alérgica sucedió en la primera vez en que el paciente consumía el fruto seco, y el 35% de las reacciones fueron anafilaxia. En conjunto, la polisensibilización a frutos secos se identificó en el 64,9% de los pacientes, aunque este porcentaje fue significativamente inferior en niños alérgicos a nuez (54,7%) y cacahuete (54,1%) (p<0,0001). La sensibilización a albúminas 2S fue predominante (75%), especialmente a Jug r 1 (52,8%), mientras que la identificación de LTP fue menos relevante (37%). Conclusión: En nuestra población, el debut de alergia a frutos secos sucedió alrededor de los 6 años de edad, ligeramente más tardío al reportado en países anglosajones. La nuez fue el principal desencadenante, seguido de cacahuete, y las albúminas de almacenamiento 2S, especialmente Jug r 1, fueron los alérgenos más relevantes (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Nozes e Amendoim/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes Cutâneos
4.
Curr Treatm Opt Rheumatol ; 7(4): 319-333, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34603940

RESUMO

Purpose of the Review: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders. The presence of different autoantibodies allows clinicians to define distinct phenotypes. Antibodies against the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 gene, also called anti-MDA5 antibodies, are associated with a characteristic phenotype, the clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. This review aims to analyze the different pharmacological options for the treatment of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease in patients with anti-MDA5 antibodies. Recent Findings: Evidence-based therapeutic recommendations suggest that the best initial approach to treat these patients is an early combination of immunosuppressive drugs including either glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors or a triple therapy adding intravenous cyclophosphamide. Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, could be useful according to recent reports. High ferritin plasma levels, generalized worsening of pulmonary infiltrates, and ground-glass opacities should be considered predictive factors of a bad outcome. In this scenario, clinicians should consider rescue therapies such as therapeutic plasma exchange, polymyxin-B hemoperfusion, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or even lung transplantation. Summary: Combined immunosuppressive treatment should be considered the first-line therapy for patients with anti-MDA5 rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Aggressive rescue therapies may be useful in refractory patients.

5.
Gut Microbes ; 13(1): 1943288, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34313538

RESUMO

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show a large overlap in clinical presentation, which presents diagnostic challenges. As a consequence, invasive and burdensome endoscopies are often used to distinguish between IBD and IBS. Here, we aimed to develop a noninvasive fecal test that can distinguish between IBD and IBS and reduce the number of endoscopies.We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to analyze the composition and function of gut microbiota of 169 IBS patients, 447 IBD patients and 1044 population controls and measured fecal Calprotectin (FCal), human beta defensin 2 (HBD2), and chromogranin A (CgA) in these samples. These measurements were used to construct training sets (75% of data) for logistic regression and machine learning models to differentiate IBS from IBD and inactive from active IBD. The results were replicated on test sets (remaining 25% of the data) and microbiome data obtained using 16S sequencing.Fecal HBD2 showed high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between IBD and IBS (sensitivity = 0.89, specificity = 0.76), while the inclusion of microbiome data with biomarkers (HBD2 and FCal) showed a potential for improvement in predictive power (optimal sensitivity = 0.87, specificity = 0.93). Shotgun sequencing-based models produced comparable results using 16S-sequencing data. HBD2 and FCal were found to have predictive power for IBD disease activity (AUC ≈ 0.7).HBD2 is a novel biomarker for IBD in patients with gastro-intestinal complaints, especially when used in combination with FCal and potentially in combination with gut microbiome data.


Assuntos
Fezes/química , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/diagnóstico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/fisiopatologia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/fisiopatologia , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/análise , beta-Defensinas/análise , Adulto , Biomarcadores/análise , Biópsia/normas , Estudos de Coortes , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
6.
Clin Nutr ; 40(5): 2587-2598, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33932804

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fish could play a role in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D) but there has been little specification about the type of fish and the preventive mechanism involved in its health claim. The sardine is a source of omega-3 and taurine that, in isolation or in synergy, would produce T2D-delaying through different molecular mechanism. HYPOTHESIS: The consumption of twice a week of sardine, during one year would reduce T2D-developing risk in a population with prediabetes (preDM) and old age. DESIGN: 152 subjects with fasting glucose between 100-124 mg/dL aged ≥65 yo were recruited from three primary care centers in Barcelona and were randomly distributed among two interventional groups: control group (CG) and sardine group (SG). Both groups received same T2D-prevention nutritional during a year but only SG had to add 200 g of sardine per week. All variables were collected before to start and at the end of the diet. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03557541). RESULTS: 152 people were randomized into CG (n=77) and SG (n=75) with 18 and 12 drop outs respectively. Subjects in SG, significantly compared to CG, decreased percentage classified-individuals in a very high risk group to develop T2D according to FINDRISC (p=0.035). In addition to increasing HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin and decreasing triglycerides (p<0.05) and blood pressure (<0.05), SG showed a lower HOMA-IR (p=0.032). The consumption of sardine characteristics nutrients as omega-3, EPA and DHA, vitamin D, fluorine and taurine were higher for SG (p<0.05). These results agreed with the increased of taurine, fatty acid (FA) omega-3 and bile acids circulating metabolites (p<0.05). Changes erythrocyte membrane FA were detected only in SG with a decrease of 5 omega-6 FA (p<0.001) and an increase of 3 omega-3 FA types (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: We conclude that a year T2D-prevention diet with sardine supplementation has a greater protective effect against developing T2D and CV events.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Dieta , Peixes , Estado Pré-Diabético , Idoso , Animais , Glicemia , Pressão Sanguínea , Composição Corporal , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
7.
Top Companion Anim Med ; 43: 100512, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33484889

RESUMO

Bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common clinical concern in dogs. However, incidence of feline UTI is much lower than in dogs although an increasing prevalence has been registered. The main objective of the present study was to describe and characterize the prevalence of urinary tract pathogens in urine samples of dogs and cats with urinary clinical signs throughout different Spanish provinces. Secondary aims were to determine if there were differences in urine sample characterizations based on species (i.e., dog and cat) or season. Dogs were found to have a higher rate of positive urinary cultures than cats (39.3% and 24.7% of the cultures submitted, respectively). The bacterial genera most commonly isolated in dogs were Escherichia spp. (45.3%), Proteus spp. (13.2%), Staphylococcus spp. (11%), and Enterococcus spp. (8.6%). Whereas in the feline population, Escherichia spp. (42.7%), Enterococcus spp. (22.2%), and Staphyloccoccus spp. (15.2%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. The highest rates of positive urine cultures were registered in Melilla (70%), Zamora (66.7%), Teruel (64.3%), and Guadalajara (60%). Moreover, the proportion of positive urine cultures was not homogeneously distributed across provinces. Finally, some seasonality was found among most isolated bacterias. Enterococcus spp. was significantly more prevalent in summer, whereas Escherichia spp. and Proteus spp. were more commonly isolated in spring and Pseudomonas spp. in autumn.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Infecções Urinárias , Animais , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Gatos , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/veterinária
8.
J Prev Alzheimers Dis ; 8(1): 68-77, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33336227

RESUMO

Amyloid-ß (Aß) positivity is defined using different biomarkers and different criteria. Criteria used in symptomatic patients may conceal meaningful early Aß pathology in preclinical Alzheimer. Therefore, the description of sensitive cutoffs to study the pathophysiological changes in early stages of the Alzheimer's continuum is critical. Here, we compare different Aß classification approaches and we show their performance in detecting pathophysiological changes downstream Aß pathology. We studied 368 cognitively unimpaired individuals of the ALFA+ study, many of whom in the preclinical stage of the Alzheimer's continuum. Participants underwent Aß PET and CSF biomarkers assessment. We classified participants as Aß -positive using five approaches: (1) CSF Aß42 < 1098 pg/ml; (2) CSF Aß42/40 < 0.071; (3) Aß PET Centiloid > 12; (4) Aß PET Centiloid > 30 or (5) Aß PET Positive visual read. We assessed the correlations between Aß biomarkers and compared the prevalence of Aß positivity. We determined which approach significantly detected associations between Aß pathology and tau/neurodegeneration CSF biomarkers. We found that CSF-based approaches result in a higher Aß-positive prevalence than PET-based ones. There was a higher number of discordant participants classified as CSF Aß-positive but PET Aß-negative than CSF Aß-negative but PET Aß-positive. The CSF Aß 42/40 approach allowed optimal detection of significant associations with CSF p-tau and t-tau in the Aß-positive group. Altogether, we highlight the need for sensitive Aß -classifications to study the preclinical Alzheimer's continuum. Approaches that define Aß positivity based on optimal discrimination of symptomatic Alzheimer's disease patients may be suboptimal for the detection of early pathophysiological alterations in preclinical Alzheimer.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Sintomas Prodrômicos , Idoso , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuroimagem/métodos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Valores de Referência , Proteínas tau/líquido cefalorraquidiano
11.
Heliyon ; 5(8): e02373, 2019 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31485543

RESUMO

Leptospira is a widespread zoonosis that has been linked to transmission between dogs and humans. The main purposes were to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira serum antibody and to identify the most common serovars in dogs in Spain. This is a cross-sectional study with 1,310 records of canine Leptospira testing data from Spain since 2015 to 2017. Inclusion criteria were individual cases with MAT test results for 8 serovars (Bratislava, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Autumnalis, Canicola and Saxkoebing) and to have the zip code data. Three hundred and thirty-eight samples (25.8%; 95%CI 23.6-28.4) were seropositive (≥1:100). According to geographic areas, North had the highest seroprevalence (38.0%; 95%CI 28.9-47.1) followed by South (29.4%; 95%CI 20.1-38.8), Center (28.6%; 95%CI 24.3-33.0), Mediterranean (22.3%; 95%CI 19.1-25.6) and Northwest (22.2%; 95%CI 7.9-36.4). Seropositivity (MAT ≥1:100) was most common to serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae (19.4%; 95%CI 17.2-21.5) and Bratislava (8.5%; 95%CI 7.0-10.0), followed by Grippotyphosa (7.2%; 95%CI 5.8-8.6), Australis (6.4%; 95%CI 5.0-7.7), Autumnalis (5.0%; 95%CI 3.8-6.2), Pomona (4.5%; 95%CI 3.3-5.6), Canicola (3.4%; 95%CI 2.4-4.4) and Saxkoebing (0.8%; 95%CI 0.3-1.3). An association was found between positivity (MAT ≥1:100) and males (P = 0.003) and dogs that were 6 years old or older were at higher risk of exposure (P = 0.001; OR 4.61; 95%CI 1.86-11.43). This study has shown that dogs in Spain are commonly exposed to Leptospira infection and points out the necessity to control the prevalence of this severe widespread zoonosis in dogs and humans.

12.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis ; 10(4): 848-852, 2019 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31006611

RESUMO

Studies on tick microbial communities historically focused on tick-borne pathogens. However, there is an increasing interest in capturing relationships among non-pathogenic endosymbionts and exploring their relevance for tick biology. The present study included a total of 1600 adult ticks collected from domestic dogs in 4 different biogeographical regions of Spain. Each pool formed by 1 to 10 halves of individuals representing one specific ticks species was examined by PCR for the presence of Coxiellaceae, Rickettsia spp., Rickettsiales, Wolbachia spp., and other bacterial DNA. Of the pools analyzed, 92% tested positive for endosymbiont-derived DNA. Coxiella spp. endosymbionts were the most prevalent microorganisms, being always present in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) pools. Rickettsia spp. DNA was detected in 60% of Dermacentor reticulatus pools and 40% of R. sanguineus s.l. pools, with a higher diversity of Rickettsia species in R. sanguineus s.l. pools. Our study reveals a negative relationship of Rickettsia massiliae with the presence of tick-borne pathogens in the same pool of ticks. An additional endosymbiont, 'Candidatus Rickettsiella isopodorum', was only detected in D. reticulatus pools. Data from this study indicate that dogs in Spain are exposed to several endosymbionts. Due to the importance of tick-borne pathogens, characterizing the role of endosymbionts for tick physiology and prevalence, may lead to novel control strategies.


Assuntos
Bactérias/patogenicidade , Cães/parasitologia , Simbiose , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/veterinária , Carrapatos/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Dermacentor/microbiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Ixodidae/microbiologia , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/microbiologia , Espanha , Infestações por Carrapato/microbiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/microbiologia
14.
BMC Gastroenterol ; 19(1): 5, 2019 Jan 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30621600

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic complex disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with IBD can experience a wide range of symptoms, but the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause these individual differences in clinical presentation remain largely unknown. In consequence, IBD is currently classified into subtypes using clinical characteristics. If we are to develop a more targeted treatment approach, molecular subtypes of IBD need to be discovered that can be used as new drug targets. To achieve this, we need multiple layers of molecular data generated from the same IBD patients. CONSTRUCTION AND CONTENT: We initiated the 1000IBD project ( https://1000ibd.org ) to prospectively follow more than 1000 IBD patients from the Northern provinces of the Netherlands. For these patients, we have collected a uniquely large number of phenotypes and generated multi-omics profiles. To date, 1215 participants have been enrolled in the project and enrolment is on-going. Phenotype data collected for these participants includes information on dietary and environmental factors, drug responses and adverse drug events. Genome information has been generated using genotyping (ImmunoChip, Global Screening Array and HumanExomeChip) and sequencing (whole exome sequencing and targeted resequencing of IBD susceptibility loci), transcriptome information generated using RNA-sequencing of intestinal biopsies and microbiome information generated using both sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing. UTILITY AND DISCUSSION: All molecular data generated within the 1000IBD project will be shared on the European Genome-Phenome Archive ( https://ega-archive.org , accession no: EGAS00001002702). The first data release, detailed in this announcement and released simultaneously with this publication, will contain basic phenotypes for 1215 participants, genotypes of 314 participants and gut microbiome data from stool samples (315 participants) and biopsies (107 participants) generated by tag sequencing the 16S gene. Future releases will comprise many more additional phenotypes and -omics data layers. 1000IBD data can be used by other researchers as a replication cohort, a dataset to test new software tools, or a dataset for applying new statistical models. CONCLUSIONS: We report on the establishment and future development of the 1000IBD project: the first comprehensive multi-omics dataset aimed at discovering IBD biomarker profiles and treatment targets.


Assuntos
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/classificação , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores , Biópsia , Dieta , Meio Ambiente , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Genótipo , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Fenótipo , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Transcriptoma , Sequenciamento do Exoma , Adulto Jovem
15.
Int J Food Microbiol ; 290: 205-213, 2019 Feb 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30366262

RESUMO

Two effective biocontrol products (named as BA3 and BA4) based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA-8 have been reported as a potential alternative to chemical applications against brown rot caused by Monilinia spp. on stone fruit. To have practical use, this study aimed to describe the best packaging strategies (bags or flasks, atmosphere, and temperature of storage) to not only guarantee efficacy but also stability and ease of application of the products to be handled through the normal channels of distribution and storage. In terms of the viability neither the BA3 nor the BA4 product has been compromised after twelve months of storage. However, storage at 4 °C affected the stability and visual aspect of both CPA-8 formulations, mainly associated not only to the increase of RH but also aw. Moreover, it should be pointed out that flasks did not conserve refrigerated BA3 samples in a suitable way, since RH and aw increased noticeably making their visual properties unsightly after 10 months of cold storage. At that time, the BA4 products were better preserved at 4 °C when packaged in flasks. Finally, this study also demonstrated that the most suitable packaging conditions for long-term storability (stored at 22 °C) did not show any negative effect in the biocontrol efficacy of CPA-8 in nectarines artificially infected with M. fructicola and provide suitable product delivery and field application. In conclusion, these results contribute to the final stage of development of these two CPA-8 products, practically ready for registration, thus contributing to the environmental-friendly management of postharvest diseases in stone fruit.


Assuntos
Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/fisiologia , Agentes de Controle Biológico , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Embalagem de Alimentos , Frutas/microbiologia , Viabilidade Microbiana
16.
Opt Express ; 26(18): 24154-24163, 2018 Sep 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30184907

RESUMO

Gold-coated fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are nowadays a mature technology for lab-on-fiber sensing based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) excitation. Tilted FBGs bring valuable assets such as easy light injection, remote operation in very small volumes of analytes and immunity to temperature fluctuations. Different gold configurations have been reported to date, without considering their relative performances in terms of biochemical sensing. In this work, we experimentally study the impact of the gold coating on the cladding mode distribution in the tilted FBG amplitude spectrum and subsequently on its sensitivity to cytokeratins used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Some relevant configurations of gold coatings are produced and tested, relying on both the sputtering and electroless plating (ELP) processes. The obtained results confirm that the coating thickness and its roughness drive the biosensing performances. The experimental limit of detection for cytokeratins 17 sensing reaches 14 fM for the most sensitive configurations.

17.
Aust Vet J ; 96(1-2): 33-38, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29226304

RESUMO

CASE REPORT: The present case series describes the clinical course and outcome of three cats diagnosed with pseudomembranous cystitis. This is an uncommon presentation of lower urinary tract obstruction but can be easily be identified by ultrasonography, revealing severe bladder wall thickening and thin hyperechoic luminal strips. The condition can be secondary to severe bacterial urinary tract infection. All cats were successfully treated with medical management only, mainly based on antimicrobials and individualised supportive therapy. CONCLUSION: Further evaluation of this condition is necessary in order to determine potential underlying aetiologies, pathophysiological mechanisms and the most appropriate standardised treatment.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Gato/terapia , Cistite/veterinária , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Gatos , Cistite/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistite/tratamento farmacológico , Cistite/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação , Obstrução Uretral/veterinária , Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico por imagem , Cálculos da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico por imagem , Cálculos da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Cálculos da Bexiga Urinária/veterinária
18.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth ; 17(1): 314, 2017 Sep 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28934940

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In an era of worldwide population displacement, recent studies have identified strong associations between social situations and perinatal outcomes among immigrants. Little is known about the effect of maternal social background on pregnancy outcomes. The Human Development Index (HDI) assesses the following dimensions of human development: life expectancy, education level and income. The objective of our study was to determine if maternal HDI may be used to identify women at increased odds of poor pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal population-based study in a tertiary centre in Madrid, Spain. The outcome variables were maternal and perinatal/antenatal mortality, preeclampsia (PE), low birth weight (LBW), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm delivery (PTD) before 37 and 34 gestational weeks, abnormal cardiotocography (CTG) during delivery, C-section (CS) due to abnormal CTG, pH < 7.10 at birth, Apgar at 5 min ≤ 7, and resuscitation type ≥3. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential confounding variables to evaluate the associations between maternal HDI and perinatal outcomes. RESULTS: In total, 38,719 singleton infants who were born in our maternity ward between 2010 and 2016 and had perinatal outcome data available were included in this study. The neonates of women from medium/low HDI countries had significantly lower odds of low birth weight (LBW) than their very high HDI country counterparts (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55-0.72). However, the odds of PTD before 37 gestational weeks and PE were higher in the medium/low HDI group than the very high HDI group (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04-1.53; OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02-1.79, respectively). Poorer neonatal outcomes were identified in the medium/low HDI group than the very high HDI group, including greater odds of abnormal CTG, CS due to abnormal CTG and Apgar 2 ≤ 7 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the infants of mothers from medium/low HDI had lower odds of LBW but higher odds of PTD, PE and poor neonatal outcomes. These results support the hypothesis that maternal HDI can be used to understand the impact of maternal origin on pregnancy outcomes. Further studies are needed to confirm its validity.


Assuntos
Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Escolaridade , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Renda , Expectativa de Vida , Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Adulto , Índice de Apgar , Cardiotocografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Gravidez , Ressuscitação/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha/epidemiologia
19.
Clin Neurophysiol ; 128(5): 697-701, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28315611

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Currently, neurologists may primarily rely on blood biomarkers, muscle biopsy, MRI, and genetics in the diagnostic work-up of suspected myopathy. Using expert consensus as diagnostic reference standard, this study addressed the added value of electrodiagnostic medicine (EDX) in diagnosis of myopathies. METHODS: One hundred ninety-four EDX evaluations of patients with a peer-review consensus diagnosis of myopathy were collected by seven European centres. Each patient was given three different consensus diagnoses: (1) the EDX diagnosis solely based on EDX results, (2) the pure clinical diagnosis based on all available information except EDX results, and (3) the final diagnosis including EDX and all additional information. The myopathies were grouped as muscular dystrophy (45), inflammatory myopathy (46), other aetiology (36) or unknown aetiology (67). RESULTS: Higher diagnostic probabilities for myopathy were seen in the final diagnosis compared to the pure clinical diagnosis (p<0.001). Adding EDX information increased the diagnostic probability of myopathy in 67 patients (34.4%). The greatest increase was seen for myopathies of unknown aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: EDX has a major impact in the diagnosis of myopathies of unknown aetiology. In genetically or biopsy proven myopathies, EDX generally supports the diagnosis. SIGNIFICANCE: EDX is still a useful tool in the diagnostic work-up of most patients with suspected myopathy.


Assuntos
Eletromiografia , Doenças Musculares/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Consenso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Potencial Evocado Motor , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Musculares/fisiopatologia
20.
Food Microbiol ; 64: 219-225, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28213029

RESUMO

The present work focuses on the antifungal effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA-8 against Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola and Botrytis cinera, three postharvest fruit pathogens of sweet cherry fruit. VOCs were evaluated with a double petri dish assay against mycelial and colony growth of target pathogens. For this purpose, CPA-8 was grown on different media and cultured for 24 and 48 h at 30 °C before assays. Data showed that mycelial growth inhibition was higher when CPA-8 was grown on Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) while no differences were generally observed when CPA-8 was cultured for either, 24 and 48 h. Moreover, no effects were observed on colony growth. The main volatile compounds emitted by CPA-8 were identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-gas chromatography as 1,3 pentadiene, acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) and thiophene. Pure compounds were also tested in vitro on mycelial growth inhibition and their EC50 values against the three pathogens were estimated. Thiophene was the most effective VOC, showing more than 82% suppression of mycelial growth at the highest concentration (1.35 µL/mL headspace) and EC50 values ranging from 0.06 to 6.67 µL/mL headspace. Finally, the effectiveness of thiophene and CPA-8 VOCs was evaluated against artificially inoculated cherry fruits. Among the target pathogens, M. fructicola was clearly controlled by CPA-8 with less than 25% of rotten fruits compared to the control (65% disease incidence) and for all pathogens, less than 37.5% of CPA-8 treated decayed fruits produced spores (disease sporulation). Otherwise, pure thiophene showed no effect against any pathogen on disease incidence and disease sporulation. The results indicated that VOCs produced by B. amyloliquefaciens CPA-8 could develop an additive antifungal effect against postharvest fruit pathogens on stone fruit.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/metabolismo , Botrytis/efeitos dos fármacos , Prunus avium/microbiologia , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/farmacologia , Ágar , Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/química , Botrytis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Micélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Micélio/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Esporos Fúngicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiofenos/isolamento & purificação , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise
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